A Korupsi dalam Pelayanan Pertanahan dari Perspektif Ekonomi Perilaku: Analisis Konseptual
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v9i2.569Keywords:
ekonomi perilaku, rasionalitas terbatas, korupsi, administrasi pertanahan, norma sosialAbstract
Abstract: Corruption in Indonesian land administration remains persistent despite various eradication efforts through strengthening regulations, increasing sanctions, and improving the administrative system. This conceptual article examines the phenomenon of land corruption through a behavioral economics perspective, integrating insights from cognitive and social psychology into economic analysis. Highlighting the limitations of traditional rational approaches that assume humans are homo economicus, this article argues that corruption is a complex behavioral phenomenon involving bounded rationality, cognitive biases, social norms, and mechanisms of moral disengagement. The discussion focuses on the land administration of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), which is characterized by high discretion and procedural complexity. Empirical data shows that 50% of land services involve brokers, and in the past four years, 31,228 land-related cases have been recorded. This article offers a more realistic alternative theoretical framework for understanding corrupt behavior and formulating more effective prevention strategies in the context of Indonesian public administration.
Keywords: behavioral economics, bounded rationality, corruption, land administration, social norms
Abstrak: Korupsi dalam administrasi pertanahan Indonesia tetap persisten meskipun berbagai upaya pemberantasan telah dilakukan melalui penguatan regulasi, peningkatan sanksi, dan perbaikan sistem administrasi. Artikel konseptual ini mengkaji fenomena korupsi pertanahan melalui perspektif ekonomi perilaku (behavioral economics) yang mengintegrasikan wawasan psikologi kognitif dan sosial ke dalam analisis ekonomi. Dengan menyoroti keterbatasan pendekatan rasional tradisional yang mengasumsikan manusia sebagai homo economicus, artikel ini berargumen bahwa korupsi merupakan fenomena perilaku kompleks yang melibatkan rasionalitas terbatas, bias kognitif, norma sosial, dan mekanisme moral disengagement. Fokus pembahasan diarahkan pada administrasi pertanahan Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) yang memiliki karakteristik diskresi tinggi dan kompleksitas prosedural. Data empiris menunjukkan bahwa 50% layanan pertanahan melibatkan calo, dan dalam empat tahun terakhir tercatat 31.228 kasus terkait pertanahan. Artikel ini menawarkan kerangka teoretis alternatif yang lebih realistis untuk memahami perilaku koruptif dan merumuskan strategi pencegahan yang lebih efektif dalam konteks administrasi publik Indonesia.
Kata kunci: ekonomi perilaku, rasionalitas terbatas, korupsi, administrasi tanah, norma sosial
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