Pelindungan Lahan Pertanian: Studi Komparatif Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan di Indonesia dan India

Authors

  • Destriananda Safa Aina Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v8i1.407

Keywords:

Pelindungan Lahan Pertanian, Administrasi Pertanahan, Perbandingan Kebijakan, Indonesia, India

Abstract

Land is a vital element in food production, but its area continues to shrink due to land conversion and degradation. This research aims to analyze the comparative land administration in Indonesia and India, which is a world food producing country, using four land administration indicators, namely ownership, use, value and land registration. The research method is juridical-normative with a regulatory, comparative, and conceptual approach. In terms of land ownership, India has regulations that limit agricultural land ownership to farmers only, which has not been adopted in Indonesia. In terms of use, the second country prohibits the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes and imposes sanctions for violations. In this case, India offers a fairer scheme to protect farmers compared to India. However, in terms of land registration, Indonesia is superior because land certificates are considered strong evidence and provide legal certainty of ownership. While in India, the land registration system is still assumptive because it is not based on definitive documents such as land certificates.

 

Tanah adalah elemen vital dalam produksi pangan, namun luasnya terus menyusut akibat alih fungsi dan degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan administrasi pertanahan di Indonesia dan India yang merupakan negara penghasil pangan dunia dengan menggunakan empat indikator administrasi pertanahan, yaitu kepemilikan, penggunaan, nilai, dan pendaftaran tanah. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, serta konseptual. Dalam aspek kepemilikan lahan, India memiliki regulasi yang membatasi kepemilikan tanah pertanian hanya bagi petani, yang belum diadopsi di Indonesia. Dari segi penggunaan, kedua negara melarang konversi lahan pertanian untuk tujuan non-pertanian dan menetapkan sanksi atas pelanggaran. Dalam hal kompensasi, India menawarkan skema yang lebih adil untuk melindungi petani dibandingkan dengan Indonesia. Namun, dalam hal pendaftaran tanah, Indonesia lebih unggul karena sertifikat tanah dianggap sebagai bukti yang kuat dan memberikan kepastian hukum atas kepemilikan. Sedangkan di India, sistem pendaftaran tanah masih bersifat asumtif karena tidak didasarkan pada dokumen definitif seperti sertifikat tanah.

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Published

2025-01-02

How to Cite

Aina, D. S. (2025). Pelindungan Lahan Pertanian: Studi Komparatif Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan di Indonesia dan India. Tunas Agraria, 8(1), 92–112. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v8i1.407